Bio 108 Text Assignment from Levetin, 5th edition with Exam 2:  Due at the time of Exam 2        10 points

Name_____________________________________

Algae Chapter 22 p. 392-395

1. List 2 ways algae is used by people.

2.Box 22.1 on p. 396 suggests that algae might also be used for __________________________.

Chapter 9

1. Figure 9.1 (p. 141) shows the evolution of plants.  The oldest (lowest) plant shown is ____________________.  The youngest plant shown is _________________.  One in the middle might be __________________________.

2.  Kingdom Plantae (p.140) contains autotrophs which means they __________________________.

3.  Kingdom Plantae has ____________________divisions (basic body plans) as shown in Table 9.1 (p. 141).

4.  Fossils (p. 140 text) indicate land plants have been around for __________million years.

5. Evidence indicates land plants evolved (came from) freshwater ______________________________.

Mosses p. 144

6.  There are about _______________species of bryophytes, commonly called ____________________.

7.  One use of Sphagnum moss is as ________________________________.

Ferns p. 146

8. Unlike mosses, ferns contain vascular tissue which conducts _______________________.

9. Ferns (do/do not) <--Circle one! have seeds.

10. Division Pterophyta (ferns) produce young fiddleheads (fig. 9.6) which are used for __________________.

Gymnosperms p. 149

11. Gymnosperms do NOT have seeds in fruits.  Instead, their seeds are in cones and exposed, so they are called  _______________________.

12. The largest trees in the world are (fig. 9.7)_______________________.

13.  The dominant plant in Northern (cold) forests are (p. 150)________________________.

14.  One way pine trees are used in the food and beverage industry is as ________________________.

15. Pick one of the other gymnosperms mentioned and tell me something about it you find interesting.

16.  Angiosperms are flowering plants and are in the division _________________________________.

Plant organs p. 35-47

1. The 3 vegetative organs of flowering plants are the _________________, _________________, and _______________________.

2.  Roots function to ___________________.

3.  Stems function to _____________________.

4. Leaves function to _____________________.

5. Angiosperms (flowering plants) are divided into 2 classes, monocots and _____________________.

6. In monocots, vascular bundles are __________________________(figure 3.5a).

7.  In dicots, vascular bundles are arranged in _____________________(figure 3.5c).

8. Figure 3.7 shows that grasses which are monocots have ______________________ roots, and dandelions which are dicots have ___________________________ roots.

9. Figure 3.10c shows that in monocots, veins run ____________________and in dicots veins show a _________________________ pattern.

10.  Carrots have vitamin ___________ which is important for ___________________________.

Chapter 5  Flowers (skip p. 77-82 except for Box 5.2)

1. The 4 whorls of flowers are the _____________________, _____________________, ____________________ and ___________________________.

2.  Box 5.2 discusses pollen including fossil pollen.  It suggests pollen can often be identified down to the ______________________________level.

3. The oldest fossil pollen dates back _____________________million years.

4.  One reason fossil pollen is important is for _____________________.

Pollination p. 83

5. Pollination is transfer of pollen from _______________ to _______________.

6.  Self-pollination is transfer of pollen within ___________________________.

7. Cross-pollination is transfer of pollen between __________________________.

8. Animals are attracted to flowers by __________________ and __________________.

9. Nectar is given to the pollinating animal as a _____________________.

10. Color, nectar and fragrance are NOT involved in __________________pollination.

11.  A single corn plant produces about ____________million pollen grains.

12.  Fertilization is when the ________inside the pollen grain meets the ___________.

13.  Angiosperms reproduce by double fertilization with one sperm fertilizing the egg, and the second sperm producing a nutritive tissue called _____________________.

Chapter 6 Fruits and seeds

1.  The ripened ovary containing seeds is the _________________.

2.  Seeds and fruits are the end products of __________________ reproduction.

3.  In the word dicot, "cot" is short for ____________________ which are ________________________.

4.  Tomatoes are native to _______________________________.

5. Apples are native to ________________________.

6.  Johnny Appleseed was a real person who was famous for _________________________.

7. Apple trees today are made by grafting, a form of __________________________reproduction.

8. Oranges are in the __________________family.

9.  Citrus are native to _____________________.

10.  Pick another fruit discussed in the chapter and list something about it you find interesting.

Chapter 19 Medicinal Plants

  History p. 325

1.  The Ebers papyrus contains many herbal remedies and was written 3,500 years ago in __________________.

2. The Pun-tsao contains thousands of herbal cures from the country of ___________________.

3. Figure 19.1 shows a coin from an ancient country with a plant used for ___________________________.

Modern Prescription drugs p. 327

4. Morphine was isolated in 1806 from the _____________________________.

5. About _____________% of prescriptions written in the U.S. contain plant-derived active ingredients.

6.  If fungi were included, the percentage would rise to _______________% of prescriptions.

Herbal medicine p. 327

6.  The rural population in much of the world relies on herbal medicine for about _________% of their medicine.

7.  Box 19.1 discusses herbal medicine of ______________________.

8. Box 19.1 discusses witch hazel which can be used for treating ____________________________.

9. Box 19.1 discusses Echinacea which can be used for treating ____________________________.

10.  Box 19.1  mentions that cedar scents are used for healing.  This is called ____________________therapy and discussed further in box 17.1, p.281.

Medicinal plants p. 330

11. Foxglove is used to make digitalis for _____________________disease.

12.  Aspirin originally came from _______________________bark.

13. Malaria is the world's most prevalent ____________________.

14.  Malaria can be treated with ___________________from the Cinchona tree.

15.  Malaria is spread by ____________________ (fig.19.7).

16.  The caption in fig. 19.7 suggests malaria is endemic (restricted to) a certain part of the world, __________________________and ____________________countries.

Chapter 20 Psychoactive plants

1. Psychoactive plants affect the _______________________________________.

2. Tobacco (p. 356) contains nicotine which (is/is not)<--Choose one! addictive.

3. Tobacco was used by natives of the ______________________.

4. List one other harm of smoking tobacco. _________________________________________________________

5.  Read the paragraph on the right hand side of p. 357 that was taken from the American Medical Association in 1948 and states, "more can be said on behalf of smoking..."

    a.  Did the American medical association think smoking was harmful or helpful?

    b. Why do you think their ideas have changed in the past 50 years?

Chapter 21 Poisonous and allergy plants

1.  Fig. 21.2 shows the poison hemlock that the ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates, drank which is a member of the ___________________ family.

2.  Fig. 21.3 shows that the monarch butterfly larva feeds exclusively on ____________________which prevents birds from eating the adult butterfly.

Backyard plants p. 368

3.  One of the most poisonous landscape plants is Nerium ____________________.

Insecticides from plants p. 372

4.  Plants produce about __________________________ compounds many of which prevent insects from eating them.

5.  The common plant Chrysanthemum produces a poison called pyrethrin which can be used as ________________________________________________.

Hay fever plants p. 376

6. Plants that cause hay fever and asthma have pollen that is _________________ pollinated.

7.  List something else that you find interesting in the section on hay fever plants.

Allergy control p. 379

8.  What is the best way to control an allergy?

9.  How is the growth of Phoenix related to plant allergies?