Review for Exam 4 Bio 108

A. Breakdown of questions on exam 4   

Topic Lectures, Lab, Text # of Questions
Photosynthesis Lecture 15, lab 12, Levetin p. 58-64 13
Cellular respiration Lecture 16, Levetin p. 64-69 4
"Seeds of Protection" article   4
Genetics Lecture 17, lab 13, Levetin p.104-112 22
Movement of salt, sugar, water Lecture 19 Levetin p. 50-54, lab 14 5
Text assignment   2

B. Review questions

Photosynthesis

1. Be able to recognize the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

2. What was the tree experiment of van Helmont?

3.  What was the mouse experiment of Priestley?

4. What are stomata?  How do desert plants differ from other plants in terms of when they open stomata?

5. What is the function of chloroplasts?

6.  What is the function of Rubisco? What is the function of enzymes in general?

7. Why are plants green?

8.  What colors of light are best for photosynthesis?  How does Engelman's experiment show this?

9.  What kind of waves are the same stuff as light?  What kind of waves are different stuff?

10.  When leaves change colors in the fall, what causes this?

11. Understand what caused the leaf disks to sink and rise in lab 12.

Cellular Respiration

1. How do we know mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration?

2. What is the equation for cellular respiration?

3. How does respiration compare with photosynthesis?

4. What is the energy molecule produced in cellular respiration?

Genetics

1. What is genetics?

2. What is the difference between genes and chromosomes?

3.  What is a karyotype?

4.What is Down syndrome?

5.  Who was Mendel?

6. Describe Mendel's pea experiments. Know what a Parent generation that is "true-breeding" means. Know the results of the F1 generation and F2 generation in terms of phenotype and genotype.

7.  What is a testcross?

        Answer: When you cross a phenotypically dominant individual with a recessive individual.  The results will tell you if the phenotypically dominant individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

8. Can you tell how common a trait is in a population if you know that it is a dominant trait?

9. What is a recessive disorder?

10. What is a dominant disorder?

11. What is the rule of multiplication?

        Answer: If you have two independent events, the chance that they will both occur together is the product of their independent probabilities.  Example:  2 heads in a row = 1/2*1/2=1/4

12. What is heterozygous advantage as it relates to sickle cell anemia?

13.  Solve the corn genetics problems posted on the lecture notes page.

14. What is incomplete dominance?  Solve a Punnet square using incomplete dominance.

15. Can you follow a genetic family tree like we did in lab for being a PTC taster?

Transport of salt, sugar, water

1. What is transpiration? 

2. What role do stomata play in plant water loss?

3.  What are phloem cells?  What is the proposed mechanism for transport of sugars from a leaf to a root?

Red Onion-- lab 14

1. What happened when we put onion or Elodea in salt water?

2. Water moves across the cell membrane in the direction of ____________________.

3. When we put carrots in different solutions, why did they lose or gain weight?