Problem 1 Answer: 

 Count the number of kernels in the offspring.  For example, if I count the 3rd row of kernels from the top, I get

15 purple-13 yellow.  This is approximately a ratio of 1 purple: 1 yellow.  What is the genotype of the parents? 

Make a Punnett's square where P=purple and p=yellow.  There are two possible crosses which we will call hypotheses.

Hypothesis 1:  PP x pp

Hypothesis 2:    Pp x pp

Which of these hypotheses is correct?

Problem 2 Answer:

Again  you must solve this problem using Punnett squares.

Hypothesis 1:  PP x PP

Hypothesis 2: PP x Pp

Hypothesis 3: Pp x Pp

Which of these hypotheses is correct?